Mitogenome phylogeny
The newest mitochondrial sequence try a widely used molecular ong dogs 35 . In the present analysis, to help expand elucidate the new phylogenetic interrelationships contained in this Anatidae, concatenated nucleotide sequences out of 13 PCGs as well as 2 rRNA family genes was indeed taken from 37 Anatidae aves, about the four Aythya kinds, one Netta kinds, one to Asarcornis types, you to definitely Mareca types, 7 Anas types, around three Mergus variety, you to Lophodytes kinds, about three Bucephala types, you to definitely Cairina types, you to definitely Aix varieties, a couple Tadorna variety, four Cygnus varieties, one to Branta varieties, five Anser types, plus one Dendrocygna kinds.
In brand new Bayesian inference (BI) and you can limit opportunities (ML) analyses, this new phylogenetic woods got nearly similar topologies (Fig. seven, Secondary Figs. step 1 and you can dos). Each other woods in the several analyses have been backed by a analytical viewpoints. In general, new genera Aythya, Netta, Asarcornis, Anas, Mareca, Mergus, Lophodytes, Bucephala, Cairina, Tadorna, and you may Aix clustered during the subfamily Anatinae, whereas the newest subfamily Anserinae had a brother reference to Anatinae, also Cygnus, Branta, and you may Anser. Dendrocygna javanica, whoever vertical pose, elongated shoulder and you will legs, and you may conspicuous perching-tree habit identify they regarding most other Anseriformes varieties, diverged earlier from the head origin and you can is short for a sis clade to Anatinae-Anserinae 36 . All of our topology was highly similar to the result of studies established toward investigation away from concatenated mitochondrial nucleotide sequences off ND2 and you may Cytb family genes, plus with morphological studies 36,37,38 .
Molecular phylogenetic study regarding 37 Anatidae varieties built of the MrBayes and you can IQ forest. Wide variety next to the nodes portray rear chances (left) and you will bootstrap values (right).
Within Anserinae, species of brand new genus Anser is actually connected with Branta canadensis directly. This is relative to early in the day morphology-based analyses 39 . The situation is much more complex into huge subfamily Anatinae. Inside subfamily, we discovered five consistent clades: Aythyini (Aythya + Netta + Asarcornis), Anatini (Anas + Mareca), Mergini (Mergus + Lophodytes + Bucephala), and Cairinini (Cairina + Aix + Tadorna). Cairinini try new sibling group of any other Anatinae people, that was strongly backed by the outcome of the expose investigation. In the Anatinae people, Anatini and you may Aythyini features closer phylogenetic matchmaking, and these email address details are backed by morphological education and you may phylogenetic analysis centered on a couple PCGs 37,38 . Inside genus Aythya, A great. americana and you can A great. ferina was clustered together with better-supported thinking. At the same time, An excellent. fuligula therefore the clade (A good. americana + An effective. ferina) molded a high-served worthy of department. The target variety, A beneficial. baeri, therefore the clade (An effective www.datingranking.net/chatki-review. fuligula + (An excellent. americana + Good. ferina)) had been clustered into the one to part, recommending the fresh new four variety means a good monophyletic classification.
Findings
The present day data given the newest mitogenome from A beneficial. baeri (16,623 bp, accession amount MT129533). So it circular mtDNA provided thirteen PCGs, a couple of rRNAs, twenty two tRNAs, and something CR. Using assessment, it had been discovered that the fresh new genome out of An effective. baeri exhibited trait series structures and is actually slightly just like the individuals away from Aythya aves. One of many PCGs, ND3 met with the most polymorphism and you will higher hereditary range. All of our phylogenetic investigation considering joint mitochondrial gene place (thirteen PCGs as well as 2 rRNAs) of 37 Anatidae varieties playing with BI and you can ML algorithms indicated that Good. baeri is closely pertaining to A. fuligula, Good. americana, and you will Good. ferina. In fact, i deduced these kinds was in fact monophyletic. Furthermore, the genera wherein multiple variety were learnt have been including found to be monophyletic except for Anas, due to the fact one integrated Mareca. The present research brings an important reference to your preservation off the fresh learned critically endangered kinds and worthwhile information to have next phylogenetic and you will evolutionary browse into the family Anatidae.